Activity Book 5: Answer Key

Mystery Phrase

Solar energy is free, clean and renewable!


Wash your hands

1. F

2. A

3.C

4. D

5. G

6. B

7. E


Climate Change errors

1. Atmosphere

2. Climate

3. Depending

4. Sea

5. Travels

6. Environment

7. Conditioner

8. Champions


Unscramble the words

1. Chemicals

2. Toxic

3. Corrosive

4. Poison

5. Flammable

6. Explosive

7. Hazardous Materials

8. Caution

9. Danger

10. Extreme Danger


Environment Quiz

1. D

2. A

3. A

4. D

5. C

6. B

7. B

8. D

9. E

10. C


Identify Me

I will spend ONE YEAR rearing in this COSTAL STREAM. During that time, I will have to LOOKfor FOOD and be alert for PREDATORS! While I’m GROWING, everything about the STREAM- the ROCKS, the ROOTS, the OTHER ANIMALS- will be IMPRINTED in my brain. After TWO years of travelling in the OCEAN I may weigh as much as SIX kg. Then, probably late NOVEMBER, I will come back here to SPAWN, guided by the smell of this good old


Food Safety and Food Quality Quiz

1.B

2.C

3.A

4.B

5.C


What elements are you made of?

Element #1 –61%

Answer: Oxygen

Oxygen makes up 61 percent of your body’s mass. Oxygen is essential to life as it’s a component of DNA and most important compounds in the body. Oxygen is present in your body mostly as water (H2O), so the actual amount may vary. When you inhale, oxygen is absorbed through your lungs and picked up by the iron in your red blood cells. From there, it is carried to wherever it’s needed throughout the body.

Health fact: Although water is essential to life, giving too much water to someone who is badly dehydrated can upset the balance of sodium and potassium ions in the heart muscle, leading to a heart attack.

Element 2-23%

Answer: Carbon

We are carbon-based life forms. This is because carbon is a very sociable element — it forms strong chemical bonds not only to itself but also to other atoms. Carbon’s stability makes possible the long chains and rings of atoms that form everything from your DNA to the steroids and proteins in your body. About 23 percent of your body mass is made of carbon.

Health fact: Although carbon on its own is harmless, some compounds of carbon are highly toxic. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odourless, colourless gas found in combustion fumes such as car exhaust. Red blood cells pick up CO faster than oxygen, so if the air contains high amounts of CO, the body may not get enough oxygen. This can lead to illness or death.

Element 3-10%

Answer: Hydrogen

Although hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, it makes up only about 10 percent of your body mass. Its most important role is as a component of water (H2O). Water carries nutrients to your cells and removes toxins from the environment. Almost all reactions in the body take place in water. We need about 2.5 litres of water every day to keep healthy. About half of this comes from the liquids we drink, and half from food. Without hydrogen, you couldn’t digest food. The acid in your stomach is a compound of hydrogen and chlorine (hydrochloric acid).

Health fact: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a technology for scanning the body non-invasively, depends on the distribution of water throughout the body. Without water and the hydrogen it contains, MRI scans would not be possible.

Element 4-2.6%

Answer: Nitrogen

Nitrogen makes up 2.6 percent of your body’s weight. It’s a component of DNA and of important molecules such as haem (part of the haemoglobin that carries oxygen in your blood). It’s also a component of the amino acids that form enzymes and other proteins. Nitrogen is important for growth, especially during pregnancy. Although the air we breathe contains plenty of nitrogen, we don’t absorb it in this form. Instead, we get most of our nitrogen from the foods we eat. Many foods contain nitrogen, especially protein sources such as meat and dairy products.

Health fact: During World War I, doctors found that workers who were packing ammunition shells with the explosive nitroglycerine (made of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen) had very low blood pressure. This led to the use of nitroglycerine to dilate blood vessels. It’s often used to treat angina — chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.

Element 5-1.4%

Answer: Calcium

Calcium accounts for about 1.4 percent of your body weight. Calcium is a metal, and the most abundant metal in the body. It’s mostly found in bone but it also has other important functions, such as controlling cell division, aiding in the conduction of nerve impulses and contraction of muscles, and keeping blood pH stable. It’s also important for blood clotting.Health fact:Bone is constantly being created and broken down in the body, which helps to keep the level of calcium in the blood steady. When the body runs low on calcium, it makes up the deficiency from bone and replaces it later when there is excess calcium in the blood. As people get older, the calcium isn’t replaced as easily, which can lead to osteoporosis.

Element 6-1.1%

Answer: Phosphorus

Phosphorus makes up about 1.1 percent of your body weight. In the form called white phosphorus, it is highly flammable and poisonous. Luckily, in the natural world phosphorus is found only in the form of phosphate, which is a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. Although it’s a small component of DNA, phosphorus is found in the body mostly as calcium phosphate in bone. Phosphorus also makes it possible for your body to move. When the energy molecule, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), releases a phosphate molecule, this creates the energy needed for contracting muscles. The body creates, uses and recycles about one kilogram of ATP every hour.

Health fact: A new family of drugs called bisphosphonates, which contain phosphorus, is being used to treat osteoporosis. These drugs bind to the calcium in bone and slow down the action of bone-eroding cells, so that bone-building cells can work more effectively.


The difference between comets, meteors and asteroids

Characteristics

Meteor, Asteroids, Comet

2.Remnants of the formation of the solar system

4.Rocky composition

Meteor, Asteroids

14. Most are fragments of large asteroids

Meteor, Comet

16. Meteor showers are caused by the Earth passing through the debris path of a comet

Asteroids, Comet

1.Progress across the sky very slowly

3.Reflect sunlight

Meteor

10. Most are less than 100 m in diameter

11. Also known as shooting stars

12. Most burn up as they enter the Earth’s atmosphere

13. Streak across the sky very fast

Asteroids

7.Most found in the asteroid belt

8.Most are less than a kilometre in diameter

9.Most have slightly elliptical orbit

Comet

5.Orbits the Sun in highly elliptical orbits

6.Measure a few kilometres in diameter

15. Icy objects

17. Tail always points away from the sun